The vacuolar lumen of most plant cells is mildly acidic as compared to the surrounding cytoplasm, which is nearly neutral. In some plant tissues, however, vacuoles are extremely acidic. A few years ago, blue petunia flower mutants failing to hyper-acidify …

Research highlight: Hyperacidification of Citrus fruits by a vacuolar proton-pumping P-ATPase complex Read more »

Pathogens use effector proteins to manipulate their hosts. During infection of tomato the fungus Fusarium oxysporum secretes the effectors Avr2 and Six5. Whereas Avr2 suffices to trigger I-2-mediated cell death in heterologous systems, both effectors are required for I-2-mediated disease …

Research highlight: The Fusarium oxysporum Avr2-Six5 effector pair alters plasmodesmatal exclusion selectivity Read more »

In biological research, fluorescent proteins (FPs) are widely used in fluorescence microscopy. FPs are genetically encoded fluorophores, which are produced by cells after a noninvasive transfection. These proteins are utilized as markers and bio-sensors to study biological processes in living …

Research highlight: Automated lifetime-based screening and characterization of fluorescent proteins Read more »

The small GTPase RhoA is best known for its ability to remodel the actin cytoskeleton of cells.  To study the mechanism underlying the spatiotemporal control of RhoA activity by GEFs, single cell imaging was performed with an improved FRET sensor reporting on the nucleotide loading …

Research highlight: Subcellular location of signaling proteins determines cell shape Read more »

Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) can be used to study protein-protein interactions by FRET or to perform lifetime-based multiplexing. Mostly live cell imaging is performed for FLIM imaging, but in combination with (antibody) stainings a fixation step is required. Nevertheless, …

Research highlight: The effect of sample fixation on fluorescence lifetime Read more »